*Result*: Collagen microarchitecture from polarized light imaging: a biomechanics perspective.
Title:
Collagen microarchitecture from polarized light imaging: a biomechanics perspective.
Authors:
Kunz MB; University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Ocular Biomechanics, Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States., Lee PY; Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States., Latour G; Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Palaiseau, France.; Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Yang B; Duquesne University, School of Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States., Schanne-Klein MC; Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Palaiseau, France., Kurokawa K; Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Health, Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Portland, Oregon, United States., Sigal IA; University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Ocular Biomechanics, Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.; University of Pittsburgh, Swanson School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.
Source:
Journal of biomedical optics [J Biomed Opt] 2026 Jan; Vol. 31 (1), pp. 010902. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 13.
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Review
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Published by SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering in cooperation with International Biomedical Optics Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9605853 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1560-2281 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10833668 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biomed Opt Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: Bellingham, WA : Published by SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering in cooperation with International Biomedical Optics Society, c1996-
MeSH Terms:
References:
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Biomed Opt Express. 2012 Dec 1;3(12):3250-63. (PMID: 23243575)
J Biophotonics. 2021 Feb;14(2):e202000326. (PMID: 33103363)
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Acta Biomater. 2013 Aug;9(8):7591-621. (PMID: 23583646)
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Opt Express. 2010 Aug 30;18(18):19087-94. (PMID: 20940803)
J Biophotonics. 2019 Jan;12(1):e201800241. (PMID: 30288949)
J Biomed Opt. 2002 Jul;7(3):350-8. (PMID: 12175284)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Feb 1;58(2):735-744. (PMID: 28146238)
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Oct 5;98(19):1656-1664. (PMID: 27707852)
J Biophotonics. 2020 Aug;13(8):e202000159. (PMID: 32472568)
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J Biophotonics. 2018 Aug;11(8):e201700356. (PMID: 29633576)
Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2022;2:. (PMID: 36751306)
Biomed Opt Express. 2022 Jul 19;13(8):4247-4260. (PMID: 36032575)
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Acta Biomater. 2022 Oct 15;152:335-344. (PMID: 36055614)
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J Surg Res. 2003 Feb;109(2):92-100. (PMID: 12643849)
Am J Sports Med. 2019 Jan;47(1):151-157. (PMID: 30495972)
Biomed Opt Express. 2017 Feb 24;8(3):1838-1873. (PMID: 28663869)
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Micron. 2001 Apr;32(3):261-72. (PMID: 11006506)
Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 19;86(16):8448-56. (PMID: 25050448)
Opt Express. 2010 Jan 18;18(2):854-76. (PMID: 20173907)
Microsc Microanal. 2015 Apr;21(2):324-33. (PMID: 25740571)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Jul 1;58(9):3378-3388. (PMID: 28687851)
Appl Opt. 1989 Sep 15;28(18):4030-4. (PMID: 20555816)
J R Soc Interface. 2017 Oct;14(135):. (PMID: 28978743)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Sep 4;59(11):4653-4661. (PMID: 30372734)
Light Sci Appl. 2023 Aug 2;12(1):190. (PMID: 37528091)
Opt Express. 2015 Apr 6;23(7):9313-28. (PMID: 25968762)
Microsc Res Tech. 2008 Apr;71(4):279-87. (PMID: 18072283)
J Biomed Opt. 2018 Oct;23(10):1-10. (PMID: 30277032)
Biomed Opt Express. 2019 Sep 17;10(10):5207-5222. (PMID: 31646042)
Biomed Opt Express. 2014 Mar 07;5(4):1099-113. (PMID: 24761292)
Appl Opt. 1998 Sep 1;37(25):6026-36. (PMID: 18286100)
J Biomech Eng. 2025 Feb 1;147(2):. (PMID: 39545747)
J Biomed Opt. 2011 Nov;16(11):110801. (PMID: 22112102)
J Biomech Eng. 2017 Jun 1;139(6):. (PMID: 28418563)
Appl Opt. 1997 Jan 1;36(1):164-9. (PMID: 18250658)
Opt Express. 2010 Aug 30;18(18):19339-52. (PMID: 20940829)
J Anat. 2010 May;216(5):547-55. (PMID: 20345855)
Nat Biomed Eng. 2023 Aug;7(8):986-1000. (PMID: 37365268)
J Biomech. 1980;13(10):887-93. (PMID: 7462263)
Exp Ther Med. 2017 Aug;14(2):995-1000. (PMID: 28810551)
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Oct 1;206(7):905-910. (PMID: 35675552)
Opt Lasers Eng. 2023 Jul;166:. (PMID: 37193214)
J Xray Sci Technol. 2019;27(6):995-1006. (PMID: 31594279)
Biomed Opt Express. 2024 Nov 25;15(12):6957-6976. (PMID: 39679397)
Biomed Opt Express. 2017 Aug 29;8(9):4243-4256. (PMID: 28966862)
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2013 Jun;21(6):860-8. (PMID: 23528954)
Exp Eye Res. 2018 Jul;172:159-170. (PMID: 29660327)
Biomed Opt Express. 2014 Apr 03;5(5):1391-402. (PMID: 24877003)
Elife. 2022 Dec 14;11:. (PMID: 36515989)
J Biophotonics. 2019 Jan;12(1):e201800090. (PMID: 29971934)
Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Nov 05;6(12):4705-18. (PMID: 26713188)
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2015 Feb;42:76-87. (PMID: 25460928)
Nanophotonics. 2023 Apr 14;12(11):2061-2071. (PMID: 37215945)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018 Sep 1;315(3):H540-H549. (PMID: 29799274)
J Cell Biol. 1963 Aug;18:223-35. (PMID: 14079486)
Nat Commun. 2014 Sep 16;5:4920. (PMID: 25223385)
Appl Opt. 2010 Aug 10;49(23):4355-61. (PMID: 20697436)
J Microsc. 2007 Nov;228(Pt 2):153-64. (PMID: 17970915)
J Histochem Cytochem. 1975 Jan;23(1):21-50. (PMID: 1090645)
J Struct Biol. 2011 Dec;176(3):302-6. (PMID: 21970947)
Acta Biomater. 2017 Aug;58:278-290. (PMID: 28528864)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jul 22;55(8):5016-31. (PMID: 25052993)
J Biomech Eng. 2016 Jun;138(6):061003. (PMID: 27040732)
Acta Biomater. 2023 Jun;163:50-62. (PMID: 36669548)
Opt Lett. 1997 Dec 15;22(24):1905-7. (PMID: 18188403)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Jan;43(1):82-6. (PMID: 11773016)
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 13;9(1):1939. (PMID: 30760789)
Bone. 2017 Apr;97:83-93. (PMID: 28069516)
Annu Rev Biochem. 2009;78:929-58. (PMID: 19344236)
Acta Odontol Scand. 1967 Dec;25(6):647-55. (PMID: 5247244)
J Biomed Opt. 2018 Nov;23(11):1-11. (PMID: 30392198)
Int J Med Sci. 2013 Sep 07;10(11):1560-9. (PMID: 24046532)
Biophys J. 2012 May 2;102(9):2220-9. (PMID: 22824287)
J Biophotonics. 2019 May;12(5):e201800336. (PMID: 30604478)
Opt Express. 2009 Jun 8;17(12):10168-76. (PMID: 19506670)
Opt Express. 2001 Dec 17;9(13):780-90. (PMID: 19424315)
Biomed Opt Express. 2020 Nov 03;11(12):6852-6863. (PMID: 33408966)
J Microsc. 1995 Nov;180(Pt 2):140-7. (PMID: 8537959)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021 Apr 1;62(4):24. (PMID: 33871570)
Ann Rheum Dis. 1996 Apr;55(4):253-64. (PMID: 8733443)
Acta Biomater. 2020 Sep 1;113:429-437. (PMID: 32585309)
Biophys J. 2001 Feb;80(2):972-85. (PMID: 11159464)
Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2014 Oct;102(10):1450-1469. (PMID: 26538682)
J Opt. 2013 Sep 1;15(9):. (PMID: 24273640)
J Biomed Opt. 2002 Jul;7(3):321-8. (PMID: 12175281)
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1972 Mar 14;180(1060):293-315. (PMID: 4402469)
J Biomech Eng. 2002 Apr;124(2):214-22. (PMID: 12002131)
Nat Protoc. 2012 Mar 08;7(4):654-69. (PMID: 22402635)
Opt Express. 2007 Sep 17;15(19):12286-95. (PMID: 19547597)
Biomed Opt Express. 2024 Jan 31;15(2):1331-1354. (PMID: 38404344)
Exp Eye Res. 2022 Apr;217:108967. (PMID: 35114213)
J Phys Chem B. 2011 Nov 10;115(44):12759-69. (PMID: 21970315)
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2016 Jul;60:93-105. (PMID: 26773650)
Histochemistry. 1986;85(1):41-9. (PMID: 3733471)
Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1178-81. (PMID: 1957169)
Biomed Opt Express. 2012 Dec 1;3(12):3250-63. (PMID: 23243575)
J Biophotonics. 2021 Feb;14(2):e202000326. (PMID: 33103363)
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2024 May 1;13(5):9. (PMID: 38743409)
J R Soc Interface. 2015 Oct 6;12(111):20150734. (PMID: 26446561)
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Dec 1;11(12):1. (PMID: 36454578)
J Biomed Opt. 2015 Aug;20(8):86001. (PMID: 26263415)
Front Neuroinform. 2011 Dec 30;5:34. (PMID: 22232597)
Biophys J. 2012 Nov 21;103(10):2093-105. (PMID: 23200043)
Biomed Opt Express. 2014 Sep 11;5(10):3562-7. (PMID: 25360372)
J Biomed Opt. 2002 Jul;7(3):359-71. (PMID: 12175285)
Appl Opt. 2003 Jun 1;42(16):3009-17. (PMID: 12790452)
Biomed Opt Express. 2018 Oct 15;9(11):5437-5455. (PMID: 30460138)
J Opt Soc Am. 1982 Nov;72(11):1479-92. (PMID: 7143127)
Opt Lett. 2020 Sep 1;45(17):4919-4922. (PMID: 32870890)
Opt Lett. 1998 Feb 1;23(3):228-30. (PMID: 18084468)
J Neurosci Methods. 2001 Feb 15;105(2):121-31. (PMID: 11275269)
Acta Biomater. 2013 Aug;9(8):7591-621. (PMID: 23583646)
Opt Lett. 1999 Apr 15;24(8):537-9. (PMID: 18071564)
Opt Express. 2010 Aug 30;18(18):19087-94. (PMID: 20940803)
J Biophotonics. 2019 Jan;12(1):e201800241. (PMID: 30288949)
J Biomed Opt. 2002 Jul;7(3):350-8. (PMID: 12175284)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Feb 1;58(2):735-744. (PMID: 28146238)
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016 Oct 5;98(19):1656-1664. (PMID: 27707852)
J Biophotonics. 2020 Aug;13(8):e202000159. (PMID: 32472568)
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;37(1):90-9. (PMID: 19338607)
J Biophotonics. 2018 Aug;11(8):e201700356. (PMID: 29633576)
Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2022;2:. (PMID: 36751306)
Biomed Opt Express. 2022 Jul 19;13(8):4247-4260. (PMID: 36032575)
J Biomed Opt. 2004 Mar-Apr;9(2):292-8. (PMID: 15065894)
J Biomed Opt. 2008 Jul-Aug;13(4):044020. (PMID: 19021348)
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020 Jun;30:101708. (PMID: 32145374)
J Biomed Opt. 2014 Jun;19(6):066011. (PMID: 24972359)
Cornea. 2014 Feb;33(2):125-30. (PMID: 24322797)
Mater Today (Kidlington). 2011 Mar;14(3):96-105. (PMID: 22723736)
Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 27;5:17340. (PMID: 26611150)
J Biomed Opt. 2013 Feb;18(2):26021. (PMID: 23407909)
Lasers Surg Med. 1997;20(3):310-8. (PMID: 9138260)
Acta Biomater. 2022 Oct 15;152:335-344. (PMID: 36055614)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Nov 11;52(12):8818-27. (PMID: 22003117)
Biomed Opt Express. 2013 May 20;4(6):909-16. (PMID: 23761852)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022 Nov 1;63(12):8. (PMID: 36331260)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Jul 01;53(8):4380-95. (PMID: 22570345)
Opt Lett. 2012 Sep 15;37(18):3837-9. (PMID: 23041876)
Int J Biomater. 2011;2011:172389. (PMID: 21876695)
Opt Lett. 1997 Jun 15;22(12):934-6. (PMID: 18185711)
J Surg Res. 2003 Feb;109(2):92-100. (PMID: 12643849)
Am J Sports Med. 2019 Jan;47(1):151-157. (PMID: 30495972)
Biomed Opt Express. 2017 Feb 24;8(3):1838-1873. (PMID: 28663869)
J Vasc Res. 2003 Jul-Aug;40(4):406-15. (PMID: 12913333)
J Biomed Opt. 1996 Jul;1(3):268-72. (PMID: 23014725)
Micron. 2001 Apr;32(3):261-72. (PMID: 11006506)
Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 19;86(16):8448-56. (PMID: 25050448)
Opt Express. 2010 Jan 18;18(2):854-76. (PMID: 20173907)
Microsc Microanal. 2015 Apr;21(2):324-33. (PMID: 25740571)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 Jul 1;58(9):3378-3388. (PMID: 28687851)
Appl Opt. 1989 Sep 15;28(18):4030-4. (PMID: 20555816)
J R Soc Interface. 2017 Oct;14(135):. (PMID: 28978743)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 Sep 4;59(11):4653-4661. (PMID: 30372734)
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: biomechanics; collagen; crimp; deformation; polarized light microscopy
Substance Nomenclature:
9007-34-5 (Collagen)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20260115 Date Completed: 20260115 Latest Revision: 20260117
Update Code:
20260130
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12798103
DOI:
10.1117/1.JBO.31.1.010902
PMID:
41536943
Database:
MEDLINE
*Further Information*
*Significance: Collagen, the main load-bearing component in tissue, is present in all animals and forms a variety of networks from the fibrils, fibers, bundles, and lamellae into which it self-assembles. The collagen microstructure is different among tissue types, and the different microstructures give rise to tissue-specific mechanical properties. Therefore, methods for visualizing collagen fibers and their orientation are essential for understanding the biomechanical properties of tissue.
Aim: Our aim in this review is to provide the basis for understanding the methodology of polarized light imaging methods and how they can be used to characterize collagen microstructure.
Approach: We begin with a description of collagen microstructure and its relationship to tissue biomechanics, a basic formalism of polarized light, and how collagen interacts with polarized light. We then describe polarized light microscopy and its various forms, particularly instant polarized light microscopy, then polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, and last, polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation microscopy.
Results: We describe methods for imaging collagen microstructure with polarized light from in vivo methods to high-resolution volumetric imaging of tissue sections.
Conclusions: We intend to help those interested in using polarized light to image and understand the relationship between collagen microstructure and biomechanics.
(© 2026 The Authors.)*