*Result*: Latent profiles analysis of spiritual orientation and psychological well-being among female healthcare workers.
Title:
Latent profiles analysis of spiritual orientation and psychological well-being among female healthcare workers.
Authors:
Source:
BMC psychology [BMC Psychol] 2026 Feb 14. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 14.
Publication Model:
Ahead of Print
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101627676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-7283 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20507283 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2013]-
References:
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Salyers MP, Bonfils KA, Luther L, Firmin RL, White DA, Adams EL, Rollins AL. The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare: A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(4):475–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3886-9.
Tawfik DS, Profit J, Morgenthaler TI, Satele DV, Sinsky CA, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout, well-being, and work unit safety grades in relationship to reported medical errors. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(11):1571–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.014.
Çelmeçe N, Menekay M. The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professionals caring for COVID-19 patients on their quality of life. Front Psychol. 2020;11:597624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597624.
DeRigne L, Ferrante S. The sandwich generation: A review of the literature. Fla Public Health Rev. 2012;9(1):12.
Rakhshani T, Saeedi P, Kashfi SM, Bazrafkan L, Kamyab A, Jeihooni AK. The relationship between spiritual health, quality of life, stress, anxiety and depression in working women. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1366230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366230.
Karakcheyeva V, Willis-Johnson H, Corr PG, Frame LA. The well-being of women in healthcare professions: a comprehensive review. Glob Adv Integr Med Health. 2024;13:27536130241232929. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/g9bwj.
Guille C, Frank E, Zhao Z, Kalmbach DA, Nietert PJ, Mata DA, Sen S. Work-family conflict and the sex difference in depression among training physicians. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(12):1766–72. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5138.
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Carmassi C, Bertelloni CA, Cordone A, Dell’Oste V, Pedrinelli V, Barberi FM, Dell’Osso L. Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(1):543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103154.
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Fry LW, Latham JR, Clinebell SK, Krahnke K. Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: A study of Baldrige award recipients. J Manag Spirit Relig. 2014;11(1):7–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130.
Hobfoll SE, Halbesleben J, Neveu JP, Westman M. Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences. Annu Rev Organ Psychol Organ Behav. 2018;5:103–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640.
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Nowicki GJ, Schneider-Matyka D, Grochans E, et al. The strength of religious faith and spirituality in relation to post-traumatic growth among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in poland: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2024;14:1331033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1331033.
Kula MN. Engelli gençlerin gelişim özellikleri ve din-ahlak eğitimi. Turk Stud. 2017;12(20):167–82. https://doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.12287.
Thoresen CE. Spirituality, health, and science: the coming revival? In: Lynn SJ, Rhue JP, editors. Dissociation: clinical and theoretical perspectives. Guilford Press. 1998:409–25.
Zinnbauer BJ, Pargament KI, Cole B, Rye MS, Butfer EM, Belavich TG, et al. Religion and spirituality: unfuzzying the fuzzy. Sociol Relig. 2015;29–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387689.
Miller WR, Thoresen CE. Spirituality, religion, and health: an emerging research field. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):24–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.24.
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Akbolat A. Kronik hastalarda iyi oluş ve maneviyat: Nitel bir araştırma. [Doctoral dissertation]. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan University. 2022.
Koenig HG, McCullough ME, Larson DB. Religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
Pargament KI. The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no. Int J Psychol Relig. 1999;9(1):3–16. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0901_2.
Cirhinlioğlu FG, Ok Ü. İnanç Ya Da dünya görüşü biçimleri Ile Intihara yönelik tutum, depresyon ve Yaşam Doyumu arasındaki ilişkiler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;34(1):1–8.
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Salyers MP, Bonfils KA, Luther L, Firmin RL, White DA, Adams EL, Rollins AL. The relationship between professional burnout and quality and safety in healthcare: A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(4):475–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3886-9.
Tawfik DS, Profit J, Morgenthaler TI, Satele DV, Sinsky CA, Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD. Physician burnout, well-being, and work unit safety grades in relationship to reported medical errors. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93(11):1571–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.05.014.
Çelmeçe N, Menekay M. The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professionals caring for COVID-19 patients on their quality of life. Front Psychol. 2020;11:597624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.597624.
DeRigne L, Ferrante S. The sandwich generation: A review of the literature. Fla Public Health Rev. 2012;9(1):12.
Rakhshani T, Saeedi P, Kashfi SM, Bazrafkan L, Kamyab A, Jeihooni AK. The relationship between spiritual health, quality of life, stress, anxiety and depression in working women. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1366230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366230.
Karakcheyeva V, Willis-Johnson H, Corr PG, Frame LA. The well-being of women in healthcare professions: a comprehensive review. Glob Adv Integr Med Health. 2024;13:27536130241232929. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/g9bwj.
Guille C, Frank E, Zhao Z, Kalmbach DA, Nietert PJ, Mata DA, Sen S. Work-family conflict and the sex difference in depression among training physicians. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(12):1766–72. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5138.
Karakcheyeva V, et al. The well-being of women in healthcare professions: A comprehensive review. Global Adv Integr Med Health. 2024;13:27536130241232929. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/g9bwj.
Carmassi C, Bertelloni CA, Cordone A, Dell’Oste V, Pedrinelli V, Barberi FM, Dell’Osso L. Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(1):543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103154.
Kasapoğlu F. Manevi yönelim ölçeği: Geliştirme, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Doctoral dissertation]. Ankara: Ankara University. 2006.
Koenig HG, King D, Carson VB. Handbook of religion and health. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012.
Kökcü ÖD, Kutlu Ö. Spiritual care in cardiovascular system diseases. Ege Univ Fac Nurs J. 2020;36(1):53–9.
Clark PA, Drain M, Malone MP. Addressing patients’ emotional and spiritual needs. Jt Comm J Qual Saf. 2003;29(12):659–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1549-3741(03)29078-X.
Köktürk Dalcalı B, Kaya H, Durgun H. Spiritual care needs of patients in oncology units and nursing practices in Turkey. J Relig Health. 2022;61(3):1861–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01537-1.
Bakker AB, Demerouti E. Job demands–resources theory. In: Chen PY, Cooper CL, editors. Wellbeing: a complete reference guide. Wiley-Blackwell. 2014:37–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118539415.wbwell019.
Hobfoll SE. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am Psychol. 1989;44(3):513–24. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513.
Bakker AB, Demerouti E. Job demands–resources theory: taking stock and looking forward. J Occup Health Psychol. 2017;22(3):273–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056.
Fry LW, Latham JR, Clinebell SK, Krahnke K. Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: A study of Baldrige award recipients. J Manag Spirit Relig. 2014;11(1):7–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130.
Hobfoll SE, Halbesleben J, Neveu JP, Westman M. Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences. Annu Rev Organ Psychol Organ Behav. 2018;5:103–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640.
Chirico F, Batra K, Batra R, et al. Spiritual well-being and burnout syndrome in healthcare: A systematic review. J Health Soc Sci. 2023;8(1):13–32. https://doi.org/10.19204/2023/sprt2.
Nowicki GJ, Schneider-Matyka D, Grochans E, et al. The strength of religious faith and spirituality in relation to post-traumatic growth among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in poland: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry. 2024;14:1331033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1331033.
Kula MN. Engelli gençlerin gelişim özellikleri ve din-ahlak eğitimi. Turk Stud. 2017;12(20):167–82. https://doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.12287.
Thoresen CE. Spirituality, health, and science: the coming revival? In: Lynn SJ, Rhue JP, editors. Dissociation: clinical and theoretical perspectives. Guilford Press. 1998:409–25.
Zinnbauer BJ, Pargament KI, Cole B, Rye MS, Butfer EM, Belavich TG, et al. Religion and spirituality: unfuzzying the fuzzy. Sociol Relig. 2015;29–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387689.
Miller WR, Thoresen CE. Spirituality, religion, and health: an emerging research field. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):24–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.24.
Altunok B, Erpay İ. Din ve Maneviyat Ekseninde Türkiye’de Dini Sosyal Hizmetler. Marifetname. 2022;9(2):531–63. https://doi.org/10.47425/marifetname.vi.1195065.
Erdem DG. Türk kültüründe Manevi gücü somutlaştıran Ara Formlar. Folklor Akademi Derg. 2022;5(1):48–58. https://doi.org/10.55666/folklor.1093311.
Akbolat A. Kronik hastalarda iyi oluş ve maneviyat: Nitel bir araştırma. [Doctoral dissertation]. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan University. 2022.
Koenig HG, McCullough ME, Larson DB. Religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
Pargament KI. The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes and no. Int J Psychol Relig. 1999;9(1):3–16. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0901_2.
Cirhinlioğlu FG, Ok Ü. İnanç Ya Da dünya görüşü biçimleri Ile Intihara yönelik tutum, depresyon ve Yaşam Doyumu arasındaki ilişkiler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;34(1):1–8.
Tosyalıoğlu MB, Albayrak A. Maneviyat ve Ruh sağlığı: Maneviyat ve Psikolojik Iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki üzerine Bir araştırma. Turk Manevi Danışmanlık Ve Rehberlik Derg. 2023;89–50. https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1369342.
Ayten A, Sağır Z. Dindarlık, dinî başa çıkma ve depresyon ilişkisi: Suriyeli sığınmacılar üzerine Bir araştırma. Marmara Üniv İlahiyat Fak Derg. 2014;47(47):5–18. https://doi.org/10.15370/muifd.86222.
Howard MC, Hoffman ME. Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches: where theory Meets the method. Organ Res Methods. 2018;21(4):846–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428117744021.
Masyn KE. Measurement invariance and differential item functioning in latent class analysis with Stepwise multiple indicator multiple cause modeling. Struct Equ Model. 2017;24(2):180–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2016.1254049.
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Grant Information:
EF.25.15 Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Fırat University
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Female healthcare workers; Latent profile analysis; Psychological well-being; Spiritual orientation
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20260214 Latest Revision: 20260214
Update Code:
20260215
DOI:
10.1186/s40359-026-04153-w
PMID:
41691325
Database:
MEDLINE
*Further Information*
*Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Firat University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Approval Code: REC.40436, Meeting Date: May 17, 2025, Decision No: 2025/22). The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 version). All participants were informed in writing about the study’s purpose, procedures, confidentiality, and potential risks and benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants via electronic or paper-based forms. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty. No personally identifiable information (e.g., names, IDs) was collected. Data were anonymized at the time of collection using unique participant codes and securely stored on password-protected, encrypted servers accessible only to the principal investigators. All data will be retained for two years before secure deletion. Contact information for 24/7 support (Firat University Faculty of Education Communication Line) was provided to participants. For linguistic refinement only, ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-5, May 2025 version) assisted in the preliminary English translation. No artificial intelligence tools were used for data analysis or interpretation. All contents were meticulously reviewed and approved by the authors. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.*