• Assessment of the effectivenes...

*Result*: Assessment of the effectiveness of serum-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analysis methods for atherosclerosis diagnosis.

Title:
Assessment of the effectiveness of serum-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate analysis methods for atherosclerosis diagnosis.
Authors:
Cevik D; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey., Telkoparan-Akillilar P; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey., Yonar D; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Türkiye, Turkey. dilekyonar81@gmail.com.; Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Atılım University, Ankara, 06836, Turkey. dilekyonar81@gmail.com.
Source:
Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Jan 03; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 4294. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 03.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-
MeSH Terms:
Atherosclerosis*/diagnosis , Atherosclerosis*/blood, Humans ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods ; Multivariate Analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Principal Component Analysis ; Aged ; Support Vector Machine ; Discriminant Analysis ; Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Lipids/blood
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Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: ATR-FTIR spectroscopy; Atherosclerosis; Blood serum; Multivariate analysis; Spectral biomarkers
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Biomarkers)
0 (Lipids)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20260104 Date Completed: 20260130 Latest Revision: 20260202
Update Code:
20260202
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12858889
DOI:
10.1038/s41598-025-34555-6
PMID:
41484460
Database:
MEDLINE

*Further Information*

*Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by lipid accumulation and fibrous elements in large and medium-sized arteries, and remains a leading cause of death worldwide. A deeper understanding of its molecular nature is critical for developing novel strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This study evaluates attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis techniques to differentiate and classify atherosclerosis by identifying disease-specific spectral variations. Spectral analyses indicated statistically significant differences in lipid (p < 0.0001), protein (p < 0.01), nucleic acid (p < 0.0001), and glucose (p < 0.0001) content of serum samples in the atherosclerosis group compared to controls. Patients with atherosclerosis exhibit altered lipid metabolism, marked by a decrease in saturated lipids and an increase in unsaturated lipids compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, elevated levels of protein, RNA, glucose, and conformational changes in DNA were key spectral features, distinguishing atherosclerosis from controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated patients from controls, while classification models based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) achieved accuracies of 96.61% and 93.22%, respectively. The ability of FTIR spectroscopy to detect subtle biochemical alterations suggests its potential for early diagnosis. These molecular markers may appear prior to clinical symptoms, highlighting the method's potential for future screening, pending validation in at-risk or preclinical cohorts.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)*

*Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yuksek Ihtisas University (approval number: 2023/02/03).*