*Result*: From pairwise to higher-order brain community detection: A hypergraph signal processing approach on brain functional connectivity analysis.

Title:
From pairwise to higher-order brain community detection: A hypergraph signal processing approach on brain functional connectivity analysis.
Authors:
Bispo BC; Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Electronic address: breno.bispo@ufpe.br., de Oliveira Neto JR; Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil., Lima JB; Department of Electronics and Systems, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil., Santos FAN; Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena and Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Source:
Computers in biology and medicine [Comput Biol Med] 2026 Jan 15; Vol. 201, pp. 111409. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 25.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1250250 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0534 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00104825 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Comput Biol Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: New York : Elsevier
Original Publication: New York, Pergamon Press.
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Brain community detection; Brain functional connectivity; Hypergraph signal processing; Neuroscience; fMRI
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20251226 Date Completed: 20260109 Latest Revision: 20260109
Update Code:
20260130
DOI:
10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.111409
PMID:
41453265
Database:
MEDLINE

*Further Information*

*Network theory is a well-established approach for characterizing brain functional networks in neuroscience. However, the brain's higher-order structures, which arise from complex, non-pairwise interactions among regions, often elude traditional graph-based approaches. While recent studies have introduced hypergraph-based methods to capture these complexities, many still depend on pairwise approximations or simplified geometric constructs such as incidence matrices, which may fail to represent authentic higher-order relationships. To address this limitation, we present a novel community detection framework for analyzing higher-order functional connectivity using real-world resting-state fMRI data. Our approach integrates multivariate information-theoretic measures with tools from hypergraph signal processing (an emerging mathematical framework tailored to model the dynamics of complex systems through higher-order interactions) enabling the identification of neurobiologically interpretable structures in the brain. Through a comparative analysis of (hyper-)graph clustering models, we uncover brain communities that remain (mostly) elusive to conventional graph-based approaches. Intriguingly, certain hypergraph modes reveal cross-network integrative patterns across distinct functional subsystems, in line with the redundancy-synergy balance that characterizes large-scale brain organization. These findings provide new insights into the architecture of higher-order functional connectivity and open promising avenues for clinical applications, particularly in studying brain disorders marked by disrupted complex connectivity patterns.
(Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)*

*Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.*