*Result*: Overwintering drives rapid adaptation in Drosophila with potential costs to insecticide resistance.

Title:
Overwintering drives rapid adaptation in Drosophila with potential costs to insecticide resistance.
Authors:
Prileson EG; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States., Campagnari B; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States.; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States., Clare CI; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States., Gabidulin AR; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States., Shahmohamadloo RS; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States., Rudman SM; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, United States.
Source:
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution [Evolution] 2026 Jan 28; Vol. 80 (1), pp. 56-66.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0373224 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-5646 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00143820 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Evolution Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Publication: 2023- : Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Lancaster, Pa. : Society for the Study of Evolution
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Grant Information:
R35 GM147264 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; Washington State University; United States NH NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Drosophila; adaptation; insecticide resistance; overwintering; trade-offs
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Insecticides)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20251010 Date Completed: 20260128 Latest Revision: 20260131
Update Code:
20260131
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12848290
DOI:
10.1093/evolut/qpaf205
PMID:
41070988
Database:
MEDLINE

*Further Information*

*Winter is a formidable challenge for ectotherms that inhabit temperate climates. The extent to which winter conditions drive rapid adaptation, and separately, how selection from novel stressors affects adaptation to winter, remain poorly understood. Here, we use replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster in a field experiment to test (i) whether winter conditions drive rapid adaptation and (ii) for trade-offs between insecticide resistance and overwintering survival. Following a longitudinal field experiment investigating the evolution of insecticide resistance, we tracked subsequent evolution during an overwintering period. In unexposed control populations, we detected parallel evolutionary shifts indicative of adaptation to winter conditions in multiple traits, including body size and fecundity. Additionally, populations that had evolved insecticide resistance during the growing season were more likely to go extinct than control populations. Further, both control and resistant populations showed patterns of lower resistance following the winter period, suggestive of a trade-off between overwintering success and insecticide resistance. Rapid evolutionary responses to winter conditions, and potential costs of resistance, provide important context for understanding overwintering performance in temperate insects with implications for pest management and ecosystem services.
(© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE).)*