*Result*: Smart stimuli-responsive, anti-ultraviolet, and foliar retention rotenone nanocapsules via Fe III -tannic acid in situ coordination assembly for improved wheat aphid control.
Weller S, Culbreath A, Gianessi L, Godfrey L, Jachetta J, Norsworthy J et al., The contributions of pesticides to pest management in meeting the global need for food production by 2050, in Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Lowa, (2014).
Oerke EC and Dehne HW, Safeguarding production‐losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Prot 23:275–285 (2004).
Lamberth C, Jeanmart S, Luksch T and Plant A, Current challenges and trends in the discovery of agrochemicals. Science 341:742–746 (2013).
Verger PJP and Boobis AR, Reevaluate pesticides for food security and safety. Science 341:717–718 (2013).
Zhao X, Cui H, Wang Y, Sun C, Cui B and Zeng Z, Development strategies and prospects of nano‐based smart pesticide formulation. J Agric Food Chem 66:6504–6512 (2017).
Wang D, Saleh NB, Byro A, Zepp R, Sahle‐Demessie E, Luxton TP et al., Nano‐enabled pesticides for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Nat Nanotechnol 17:347–360 (2022).
Massinon M, De Cock N, Forster WA, Nairn JJ, SW MC, Zabkiewicz JA et al., Spray droplet impaction outcomes for different plant species and spray formulations. Crop Prot 99:65–75 (2017).
Henkhaus N, Bartlett M, Gang D, Grumet R, Jordon‐Thaden I, Lorence A et al., Plant science decadal vision 2020–2030: reimagining the potential of plants for a healthy and sustainable future. Plant Direct 4:e00252 (2020).
Yadav SK, Lal S, Yadav S, Laxman J, Verma B, Sushma M et al., Use of nanotechnology in agri‐food sectors and apprehensions: an overview. Seed Sci Res 47:99–149 (2019).
Agrimonti C, Lauro M and Visioli G, Smart agriculture for food quality: facing climate change in the 21st century. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 61:971–981 (2021).
Muneeba K, Nanotechnology and chemical engineering as a tool to bioprocess microalgae for its applications in therapeutics and bioresource management. Crit Rev Biotechnol 40:46–63 (2020).
Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Mundekkad D, Ramalingam C, Shanker R and Kumar A, Nanotechnology in agro‐food: from field to plate. Food Res Int 69:381–400 (2015).
Zhang J, Kothalawala S and Yu C, Engineered silica nanomaterials in pesticide delivery: challenges and perspectives. Environ Pollut 320:121045 (2023).
Gomollon‐Bel F, Ten chemical innovations that will change our world: IUPAC identifies emerging technologies in chemistry with potential to make our planet more sustainable. Chem Int 41:12–17 (2019).
Rani M and Shanker U, Degradation of traditional and new emerging pesticides in water by nanomaterials: recent trends and future recommendations. Int J Environ Sci Technol 15:1347–1380 (2018).
Deka B, Babu A, Baruah C and Barthakur M, Nanopesticides: a systematic review of their prospects with special reference to tea pest management. Front Nutr 8:686131 (2021).
Ragaei M and Sabry AH, Nanotechnology for insect pest control. Int J Sci Environ Technol 3:528–545 (2014).
Kah M and Hofmann T, Nanopesticide research: current trends and future priorities. Environ Int 63:224–235 (2014).
Nuruzzaman MD, Rahman MM, Liu Y, Nuruzzaman M and Naidu R, Nanoencapsulation, nano‐guard for pesticides: a new window for safe application. J Agric Food Chem 64:1447–1483 (2016).
Khandelwal N, Barbole RS, Banerjee SS, Chate GP, Biradar AV, Khandare JJ et al., Budding trends in integrated pest management using advanced micro‐and nano‐materials: challenges and perspectives. J Environ Manag 184:157–169 (2016).
Singh A, Dhiman N, Kar AK, Singh D, Purohit MP, Ghosh D et al., Advances in controlled release pesticide formulations: prospects to safer integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture. J Hazard Mater 385:121525 (2020).
Huang B, Chen F, Shen Y, Qian K, Wang Y, Sun C et al., Advances in targeted pesticides with environmentally responsive controlled release by nanotechnology. Nanomaterials 8:102 (2018).
Saini RK, Patel S, Bajpai J and Bajpai AK, Advanced controlled nanopesticide delivery systems for managing insect pests, in Controlled Release of Pesticides for Sustainable Agriculture, Springer, Cham, pp. 155–184 (2020).
Liu Z, Wen F, Cheng X and Wu Z, Nano‐controlled release of phytohormones will broaden its application on plant protection. Advanced Agrochem 3:39–42 (2024).
Pieretti JC, Pelegrino MT, Silveira NM, Rodrigues MG and Seabra AB, State‐of‐the‐art and perspectives for nanomaterials combined with nitric oxide donors: from biomedical to agricultural applications. ACS Appl Nano Mater 7:18590–18609 (2024).
Zhao W, Wu Z, Amde M, Zhu G, Wei Y, Zhou P et al., Nanoenabled enhancement of plant tolerance to heat and drought stress on molecular response. J Agric Food Chem 71:20405–20418 (2023).
Dong J, Han A, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang Y, Yuan B et al., Smart, degradable, and eco‐friendly carboxymethyl cellulose‐CaII hydrogel‐like networks gated MIL‐101(FeIII) nanoherbicides for paraquat delivery. Sci Total Environ 903:166424 (2023).
Horcajada P, Chalati T, Serre C, Gillet B, Sebrie C, Baati T et al., Porous metal–organic‐framework nanoscale carriers as a potential platform for drug delivery and imaging. Nat Mater 9:172–178 (2010).
Chunbai H, Demin L and Wenbin L, Nanomedicine applications of hybrid nanomaterials built from metal‐ligand coordination bonds: nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks and nanoscale coordination polymers. Chem Rev 115:11079–11108 (2015).
Wu MX and Yang YW, Metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based drug/cargo delivery and cancer therapy. Adv Mater 29:1606134 (2017).
Wang L, Zheng M and Xie Z, Nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks for drug delivery: a conventional platform with new promise. J Mater Chem B 6:707–717 (2018).
Gao Y, Liu Y, Qin X, Guo Z, Li D, Li C et al., Dual stimuli‐responsive fungicide carrier based on hollow mesoporous silica/hydroxypropyl cellulose hybrid nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 414:125513 (2021).
Horcajada P, Gref R, Baati T, Allan PK, Maurin G, Couvreur P et al., Metal‐organic frameworks in biomedicine. Chem Rev 112:1232–1268 (2012).
El‐Wakeil NE, Botanical pesticides and their mode of action. Gesunde Pflanzen 65:125–149 (2013).
Oguh CE, Okpaka CO, Ubani CS, Okekeaji U, Joseph PS and Amadi EU, Natural pesticides (biopesticides) and uses in pest management‐a critical review. Asian J Biotechnol Genet Eng 2:1–18 (2019).
Acheuk F, Basiouni S, Shehata AA, Dick K, Hajri H, Lasram S et al., Status and prospects of botanical biopesticides in Europe and Mediterranean countries. Biomolecules 12:311 (2022).
Saybasili H and Akkentli F, Rotenone is a pesticide controlling the habitat quality of aquatic ecosystems and has a negative impact on neuron activity. Review of Hydrobiology 4:1–16 (2011).
Prats MR, Ventura M, Rovira PQ, Buchaca T, Fernández P, Grimalt JO et al., Simple on‐site extraction and GC‐MS analysis of rotenone and degradation products for monitoring invasive fish eradication treatments in fresh and brackish waters. J Chromatogr A 1730:465063 (2024).
Zubairi SI, Othman ZS, Sarmidi MR and Abdul Aziz R, Environmental friendly bio‐pesticide rotenone extracted from derris sp.: a review on the extraction method, toxicity and field effectiveness. J Teknol 78:47–69 (2016).
Song Z, Wang S, Yang L, Hou R, Wang R, Zhang N et al., Rotenone encapsulated in pH‐responsive alginate‐based microspheres reduces toxicity to zebrafish. Environ Res 216:114565 (2023).
Baldwin A and Booth BW, Biomedical applications of tannic acid. J Biomater Appl 36:1503–1523 (2022).
Yan W, Shi M, Dong C, Liu L and Gao C, Applications of tannic acid in membrane technologies: a review. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 284:102267 (2020).
Wang Z, Han M, Zhang J, He F, Peng S and Li Y, Investigating and significantly improving the stability of tannic acid (TA)‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coating for enhanced oil‐water separation. J Membr Sci 593:117383 (2020).
Ejima H, Richardson JJ, Liang K, Best JP, van Koeverden MP, Such GK et al., One‐step assembly of coordination complexes for versatile film and particle engineering. Science 341:154–157 (2013).
Zhi H, Yu M, Yao J, Sun C, Cui B, Zhao X et al., A facile approach to increasing the foliage retention of pesticides based on coating with a tannic acid/Fe3+ complex. Coatings 10:359 (2020).
Dong J, Chen W, Feng J, Liu X, Xu Y, Wang C et al., Facile, smart, and degradable metal‐organic framework nanopesticides gated with FeIII‐tannic acid networks in response to seven biological and environmental stimuli. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:19507–19520 (2021).
Chen Y, Dong J, Sun L, Chen W, Li X, Wang C et al., Multidimensional stimuli‐responsive and degradable pesticide nanocapsules through on site coordination assembly for enhanced pest and pathogen control. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 11:12809–12820 (2023).
Li B, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhang D‐x, Ren Y‐p, Gao Y et al., Using coordination assembly as the microencapsulation strategy to promote the efficacy and environmental safety of pyraclostrobin. Adv Funct Mater 27:1701841 (2017).
Spoljaric S, Richardson JJ, Ju Y and Caruso F, Template‐mediated engineering of functional metal‐phenolic complex coatings. Recent Adv Polyphen Res 8:239–279 (2023).
Dow JAT, pH gradients in lepidopteran midgut. J Exp Biol 172:355–375 (1992).
Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R and Polasky S, Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418:671–677 (2002).
Smith AM and Gilbertson LM, Rational ligand design to improve agrochemical delivery efficiency and advance agriculture sustainability. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:13599–13610 (2018).
Levine A, Tenhaken R, Dixon R and Lamb C, H2O2 from the oxidative burst orchestrates the plant hypersensitive disease resistance response. Cell 79:583–593 (1994).
Alvarez ME, Pennell RI, Meijer PJ, Ishikawa A, Dixon RA and Lamb C, Reactive oxygen intermediates mediate a systemic signal network in the establishment of plant immunity. Cell 92:773–784 (1998).
Forman HJ, Zhang H and Rinna A, Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Asp Med 30:1–12 (2009).
0 (Nanocapsules)
03L9OT429T (Rotenone)
0 (Ferric Compounds)
0 (tannic acid)
0 (Polyphenols)
*Further Information*
*Background: Pesticides in agriculture have played an important role and are irreplaceable in increasing the yield of crops and agricultural products. However, ultraviolet photodegradation is a crucial factor that leads to the inefficient usage of most traditional pesticides under sunlight. Rotenone (Rot), as a plant-derived insecticide, is easily degraded under ultraviolet light with loss of biological activity, which severely limits its wide application in the fields. It is therefore necessary to create new formulations to prevent the photodegradation of Rot under ultraviolet radiation.
Results: Simple, intelligent, and degradable Rot@Fe <sup>III</sup> -tannic acid (Rot@Fe <sup>III</sup> -TA) nanocapsules were constructed using a general strategy, where Rot was coated in the core and Fe <sup>III</sup> -TA networks as the shell prepared via in situ coordination assembly on the interface of oil/water microemulsions. The prepared nanocapsules showed multidimensional stimuli-responsive controlled release performance, containing acidic/alkaline pH, glutathione, H <subscript>2</subscript> O <subscript>2</subscript> , and phosphate, which were closely relevant to the physiological environments of crops, and the Fe <sup>III</sup> -TA shell was finally disassembled in crops against bioaccumulation. Furthermore, the prepared nanocapsules showed remarkable rain washing and UV photolysis resistance on wheat leaf surface for availably wheat aphid control compared with that of technical Rot. In addition, the prepared nanocapsules appeared good safety on seed germination and seedling emergence, and were beneficial for the growth of wheat seedlings.
Conclusion: The prepared Rot@Fe <sup>III</sup> -TA nanocapsules could effectively prevent the photodegradation of Rot under ultraviolet radiation for wheat aphid control, which has potential application for Rot formulation exploitation in the field in the future. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
(© 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.)*