• Unraveling mechanisms of aller...

*Result*: Unraveling mechanisms of allergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis via the nasal transcriptome.

Title:
Unraveling mechanisms of allergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis via the nasal transcriptome.
Authors:
Yoon Y; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Chun Y; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Zhang L; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Grishina G; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Grishin A; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Bunyavanich S; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Electronic address: supinda@post.harvard.edu.
Source:
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology [J Allergy Clin Immunol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 157 (1), pp. 110-117. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 17.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1275002 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6825 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00916749 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Allergy Clin Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: St Louis, Mosby.
MeSH Terms:
Allergens*/immunology , Transcriptome*/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic*/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic*/genetics , Nasal Mucosa*/immunology, Pollen/immunology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adolescent ; Child ; Adult
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Grant Information:
R01 AI118833 United States AI NIAID NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Allergen; allergic rhinitis; allergy; cat; dog; dust mite; mold; nasal transcriptome; pollen; sensitization
Substance Nomenclature:
0 (Allergens)
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20250919 Date Completed: 20260107 Latest Revision: 20260108
Update Code:
20260130
PubMed Central ID:
PMC12462898
DOI:
10.1016/j.jaci.2025.08.028
PMID:
40972981
Database:
MEDLINE

*Further Information*

*Background: Allergen sensitization is a critical early step in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Different allergens likely trigger distinct immune pathways in the nasal epithelium.
Objective: Our aim was to examine molecular mechanisms in the nasal epithelium for sensitization to different allergens.
Methods: We recruited 301 participants and profiled their sensitization to 10 allergens and nasal epithelial transcriptome. Differential expression, gene ontology, causal network, and key driver analyses were performed to identify molecular processes underlying sensitization to indoor allergens, pollens, and pet allergens, as well as for allergic rhinitis (AR).
Results: The cohort was 48.8% female, with a mean age of 13.2 years (SD = 4.1 years). Most of the cohort was sensitized to at least 1 allergen, with 74.1% sensitized to an indoor allergen, 60.1% pollen sensitized, and 68.1% pet sensitized. In all, 51.8% of the cohort had AR. Using a discovery and test set framework for rigor, we identified and validated 185 transcripts associated with allergen sensitization. Probabilistic causal network and key driver analyses identified a network for allergen sensitization spanning 4 subnetworks for lymphocyte chemotaxis, mast cell, IL-4, and antiviral response. Although the key drivers and transcripts for indoor allergen sensitization mapped to the lymphocyte chemotaxis and antiviral response subnetworks, those for pollen sensitization mapped to the mast cell and IL-4 subnetworks. Pet sensitization mapped to lymphocyte chemotaxis, mast cell, and IL-4. The key drivers for AR significantly overlapped with those for allergen sensitization.
Conclusion: Causal network analysis of nasal transcriptome revealed allergen-specific biologic processes and key drivers underlying sensitization and AR.
(Copyright © 2025 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)*

*Disclosure statement Supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01 AI118833 to S.B.). Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.*